“How sweet I roamed from field to field, and tasted all the summer’s pride”
William Blake
Illustrations by Jiří Slíva, based on John Tenniel’s drawings
From its earliest appearance in written records, wine has also played an important role in religion. Red wine was closely associated with blood by the ancient Egyptians, who, according to Plutarch, avoided its free consumption as late as the 7th-century BC Saite dynasty, “thinking it to be the blood of those who had once battled against the gods”. The Greek cult and mysteries of Dionysus, carried on by the Romans in their Bacchanalia, were the origins of western theater. Judaism incorporates it in the Kiddush and Christianity in its Eucharist, while alcohol consumption is forbidden in Islam.
The use of wine in religious ceremonies is common to many cultures and regions.
Sensory analysis (also referred to as organoleptic analysis) is a scientific discipline that applies principles of experimental design and statistical analysis to the use of human senses (sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing) for the purposes of evaluating consumer products.
There are five basic steps in tasting wine: color, swirl, smell, taste, and savor. These are also known as the “five S” steps: see, swirl, sniff, sip, savor. During this process, a taster must look for clarity, varietal character, integration, expressiveness, complexity, and connectedness.
The results of the four recognized stages to wine tasting:
appearance
“in glass” the aroma of the wine
“in mouth” sensations
“finish” (aftertaste)
– are combined in order to establish the following properties of a wine:
complexity and character
potential (suitability for aging or drinking)
possible faults
Illustration by Jiří Slíva
First row: А. П. Че́хов (Anton Chekhov); J.R.R. Tolkien; Franz Kafka; Betty MacDonald (misspelled McDonald)
Second row: Jack Kerouac; Marcel Proust; Antoine de Saint-Exupéry; R. Kipling
Third row: Marcel Duchamp; Stendhal; Karl May; Karl Marx
Fourth row: Magritte; S. Freud; Louis Pasteur; Günter Grass
Fifth row: Salvador Dalí; E.M. Remarque; Jaroslav Hašek; Isaac B. Singer
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